Primary HIV Infection (PHI) covers a period of 100 days. The prevalence of PHI according to Fiebig classification is low, often due to a tardive diagnosis.

Antiretroviral guidelines recommend therapy in symptomatic patients, but there are different reasons to consider treatment in asymptomatic patients as well: virological and immunological events occur during this first phase of infection; higher fraction of HIV transmission could occur in this phase; functional cure of HIV infection could be evaluated in this setting.

In this review we report the advantages of PHI treatment, we discuss different antiretroviral therapy combinations and consider perspectives for a functional cure.